An Introduction To Early Care And Education Young People Essay

An Introduction To Early Care And Education Young People Essay This essay will identify the range of early years settings involved in the care and education of young children. Then discuss the roles and responsibilities of the professional workers involved in the setting. The essay will also evaluate the curricula appropriate to two different settings that will be focused on. The essay will culminate with a personal statement. First, the history of education of young children will be reflected upon. When the Education system first started and when children became important. Focusing on Education legislation, (historical to present day). Also looking at the various types of Early Year education provisions and the professionals that work in the provisions and their roles. Followed by a discussion on theorists that have had an impact upon Early Years provision. Next, there will be a discussion on social care and health care legislation which is affiliated to the support of childrens health and safety (historical to present day). Looking at the range of health care settings for early years. Discussing the various health professionals and their roles in relation to health care. Subsequently, the essay will look at management styles of the different settings using a reflection diary and identify the role of the professionals that work in various setting, discussing the definition of reflective practice and the i mportance of reflective practice. Finally, conclusions will be drawn as to whether the objectives have been met. Pre 1870 there was no organised system of education. Some children attended schools run by charities and churches or dame schools (called because they were run by women) for young children. There were fee paying schools for those rich enough to afford them. In early Victorian England, most children never went to school at all and grew up unable to read or write. Instead they were sent out to work to earn money for their families. Only the upper and middle class children went to school. It wasnt until 1880 that schooling became mandatory. All children had to attend a school until they were ten years old. In 1889, the school leaving age was raised to twelve, and in 1891, the schools pence fee was abolished and schools became free. Children were first considered important to society after the Victorian era (1837-1901). The era has been described as a source of the modern institution of childhood. Ironically, the Industrial Revolution during this era led to an increase in child labour, but due to the campaigning of the evangelicals, and efforts of author Charles Dickens (1812- 1870) and others, child labour was gradually reduced and halted in England via the Factory Acts of 1802-1878. The Victorians emphasized the role of the family and the sanctity of the child, this attitude has remained dominant in Western societies since then. The needs and welfare of children today are met through a series of polices and legislation which aims to protect and provide for their welfare. These policies are informed and underpinned by historical policies and legislation. The first legislation passed by the government to protect the children of the country was The Factory Act passed by the Government in 1833. It was intended to improve conditions for children working in factories. It introduced a compulsory two hours schooling each day for children. This was the first time that children of all backgrounds in the UK had access to education. Thirty seven years after the Factory Act of 1833, the Elementary Education Act of 1870 provided education on an extraordinary scale. This new law set up mass primary education (education for everyone). It was introduced because the government was worried that the working class was becoming revolutionary and also because it was thought that Britains economy we falling behind the rest of the world. The 1880 Education Act made school attendance compulsory for all children up to the age of ten. The school education boards were abolished under the 1902 Education Act. In their place Local Educational Authorities (LEAs) were created to organize funding, employ teachers and allocate school places. During the 1920s and 1930s Sir Henry Hadow (1859-1937) was responsible for several important reports on education in England. In 1926, a report entitled The Education of the Adolescent looked at primary education in detail for the first time. It prioritized activity and experience, rather than rote learning and discussed, for the first time, the specific needs of children with learning difficulties. The report also made the important recommendation of limiting class sizes to a maximum of thirty children. In 1931, another report was published: The Primary School was influenced by the educational ideas of  Swiss psychologist, Jean Piaget and advocated a style of teaching based on childrens interests. The 1944 Education Act saw the introduction of the tripartite system. Devised by Conservative MP Rab Butler (1902-1982), the Act introduced three different types of school: Grammar schools for the more academic pupil, Secondary Modern schools for a more practical, non-academic style of education and Technical schools for specialist practical education. Pupils were allocated to a particular type of school by taking an examination called the  11 Plus, which was also introduced under the Act. Secondary education now became free for all and the school-leaving age rose to 15. The Plowden Report is the unofficial name for the 1967 report of the Central Advisory Council for Education (England) into Primary Education. The report was called Children and their Primary Schools and was named after the chair of the Council, Lady Bridget Plowden (1910-2000). It observed that new skills were needed in society, stating that,  the qualities needed in a modern economy extend far beyond skills such as accurate spelling and arithmetic. They include greater curiosity and adaptability, a high level of aspiration, and others which are difficult to measure. (The Plowden Report 1967; Chapter 31; p433; verse 1175). The National Curriculum was introduced in the 1988 Education Act. It made all education the same for state-funded schools, ensuring that all pupils had access to a basic level of education. A selection of subjects were made compulsory including Mathematics, English, Science and some form of Religious Education. It also introduced sex education for the first time. The 2002 Education Act introduced the existing Foundation stage to become a new stage of the National Curriculum and Nursery education became inspected by Ofsted. There are many different types of organizations offering Early Years Education and childcare. There are independent private settings working for profit owned by companies or individuals, ranging from large nursery chains with hundreds of settings to owner-manager with only one setting. The nursery manager and deputy manager in all of these settings have the same responsibilities they are responsible for ensuring the nursery provides the best possible standards of care and education; ensuring the environment is safe and secure, where the children are valued as individuals through a loving and child centred approach in all aspects of the way the nursery is run. It is also the managers responsibility to ensure that the children have access to learning opportunities throughout their time at the nursery; providing learning activities which are educational, stimulating and fun. The Nursery staff need to have the correct level of qualification to work with children. Also they are required to have a working knowledge of Ofsted standards and the ability to work in partnership with parents. Workplace nurseries are classed within the private sector even though they may be run for the benefit of particular employees the professionals working there still need to have all the relevant qualifications to work with the children. Nannies and child minders are similar. Nannies are sometimes self-employed, but more often are employees of a family. Some nannies work for agencies. Childminders are self-employed individuals working from home. Ofsted require childminders and nannies to carry out a Paediatric first-aid course (first aid for children) as well as introductory courses in childminding. Voluntary sector comprises groups operated by a voluntary management committee and run for the benefit of the community rather than for profit (e.g. pre-school playgroups, parent/toddler groups, community day nurseries and sure start centres). Despite its name, most workers in the voluntary sector are paid employees, not volunteers. Public sector provision includes school-based services, such as nursery classes, and nursery schools, local authority day nurseries and nursery centres. These setting will have to have a trained Nursery teachers and a nursery nurses. The entire list of professionals mentioned above will have to have an enhanced Criminal Records Disclosure (CRB) and are required by law by anyone who works with children. In England 1700-1800 people became reformers and saw that they werent benefitting from the lifestyle. England was the first country in the world to undergo the Industrial Revolution and it created large numbers of working class people. A key figure that recognised the way children were treated was Robert Owen (1771-1858), he was a utopian radical socialist reformed mill owner who set up crà ¨ches for the children of his workers as well as housing and health facilities. His reform began around 1816. Pestalozzi (1745-1827) an Italian educationalist attempted to recognise the stages of development in childrens education. In 1836 the Pestalozzian Centre of Home and Colonel Education Infant school society began training teachers for infant schools in its college in London. Also very influential was the kindergarten movement. Froebel (1782-1852) first opened in England in 1851. Froebels vision was to educate the whole child, outdoor activities played significant part, but his vision was of the children as plants in the garden of school flowering and blossoming under the correct care and attention as you would a plant. Gradually though more precise nature of Froebels pedagogy and philosophies got taken over by a wider emphasis on play combined with domestic tasks as defined by the theorists of psychologists Stanley Hall (1884-1924) and John Dewey (1859-1952). Also these kindergartens were rescuers of the children of the urban poor so teachers became more like social workers. Another significant figure was Maria Montessori (1870-1952). Her work came to be seen as more a preserve of middle class private nurseries. Originally she worked with deprived children in Naples and aimed to develop cognitive physical linguistic social and self care skills through carefully structured play activities and equipment. She was a big advocate of natural material such as wooden blocks, sandpaper letters and thought that too many brightly coloured toys and pictures could over stimulate the children. Children were taught to concentrate on one activity then put it away and move on to the next activity. During the First and the Second World War committees argued the importance of child care. Margaret McMillan (1860-1931) and Rachel McMillan (1859-1917) were Christian socialists and were the originators of the Nursery School concept. In 1913 the first open aired nursery was opened in London, it focused on sense training and the health of the young children. Sand, water, clay and paint were used and free cooked meals were given and the children were encouraged to enjoy fresh air as much as possible with covered area outside. In 1960 the Playgroup Movement (1961-1987) was started by Belle Tutaev. She started a Campaign for Nursery Education and organised a petition collecting three and a half thousand signatures that she sent to those in authority. She wrote letters to Councillors and knocked on doors pleading for some provision to be made for the under fives. So, being a trained teacher, she decided to do it herself ! She hired a hall, raised funds and opened her own Nursery/Playgroup. It proved such a success that she felt sure others could do as she had done, so she penned a letter to The Guardian that appeared on 25 August 1961. A small committee was formed and the National Association of Pre-school Playgroups was formally constituted on 10 July 1962 and registered as a charity. Historically, child health surveillance and screening have been central to monitoring childrens health and development (Luker and Orr 1996; Hall and Elliman, 2004). There is no doubt that health throughout life is influenced by the experiences in early years of childhood. Recent government policy has highlighted the importance of health professionals working with families and children to improve their health outcomes (Acheson, 1998). Looking back at past legislation there have been indications since the Industrial Revolution of the need to protect children. In 1834 New Poor Law placed duty on parents to protect their children. The children not cared for would be looked after by the state as an apprentice. The aim of the Act was to reduce poverty but in fact perpetuated it. The children were also still counted as the fathers property with their welfare in his hands. This would not change until Childrens Law Reform Act 1990. 1847 Public Health Act aimed at improving the environment and childrens health, education added to local authoritys responsibility. The Act laid foundations for todays health provisions. The late 19th century was a time of social deprivation and great hardship for many children. On 8 July 1884, The London Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children was established. Lord Shaftesbury (1801-1885) was appointed as president and the Reverend Benjamin Waugh (1839-1908) and Reverend Edward Rudolf (1852-1933) as joint honorary secretaries. Waugh was to be significant in shaping the Societys future. After witnessing the levels of deprivation and child cruelty in Greenwich, London where he lived, Waughs urgent priority was to draw public and government attention to the plight of children. At the 1889 annual general meeting the Society changed its name to the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children (NSPCC). By 1945 we had uniformed child welfare services, but local authorities continued to hold overall responsibility for social care or services and child care. Legislation aimed at evolving the development of childrens rights and care embedded in health, education and social care legislation, but childhood becoming more and more regulated and controlled. Political theorists of this time such as Mill (1773-1836) and Locke (1632-1704) lobbied for the protection of children whilst Paine (1737-1809) and Neill (1883-1973) campaigned for the liberation of children. Currently there are over 4,000 non-statutory agencies worldwide, helping millions of people and children, none of whom are part of any government organisation (Harrison 2004, in Wyse, 2004). As Stone and Rixon (2008)state in (Foley and Rixon, 2008), the drive for services to work more closely together is not a new phenomenon, it has existed as long as there have been different groups of people providing services to families. In his 2003 report into the death of Victoria Climbie, Lord Laming highlighted the need for all parties involved in the care and education to engage in more collaborative working practices. His enquiry led to enhanced legislation, as the findings of the report were incorporated into update of the Children Act (2004) and in response to the recommendations, the Every Child Matters green paper was published in 2003. The reports became fundamental to the development of child health services. They required health professionals and families to form relationships of partnership rather than supervision, in which parents could be empowered to make use of services and expertise according to their needs. The Fourth Edition of Health For All Children (Hall and Elliman 2004), included recommendations for a streamlined surveillance programme, with even greater emphasis on health promotion and primary prevention. Although the health of children is predominantly a parental responsibility, society has a vested interest in ensuring that parents are supported to improve the health and well-being of their children. This will help to ensure the needs and rights of our children are respected. There are five main types of childrens services there are Health services, Social services, Education and Leisure and Recreation. The health services that are available in schools for children are mainly School Nurses and support workers, working in a team or network to offer needs based approach to the provision of healthcare within schools for children. School Nurses have a public health role with school-aged children, their families, schools and the surrounding communities to promote health. Also there is the early years and health visiting service. This service refers to multi disciplinary early years teams delivering a family centered public health role. The services that hospitals provide are General paediatrics. This service refers to all non-tertiary hospital based activity. Maternity staff also cover Antenatal care, Intrapartum care, and Post natal care. The Health Visitor is a qualified registered nurse, midwife or psychiatric nurse with specialist qualifications in community health, which includes child health, health promotion and education. The role involves promoting health in the whole community and the health visitor is particularly involved with families who have children under five. Every family has a named health visitor, the role is to offer support and encouragement to families through the early years from pregnancy and birth to primary school and beyond. They work closely with GPs and cover the geographical area of the GP practice. Most health visitors work alongside midwives preparing parents for the birth of their baby by their involvement in pre-birth classes. One of the practical placements visited was a preschool. The preschool was without a manager at present so the deputy manager was in charge. There were eight members of staff all female, only one was a full time member of staff. The preschool is situated at the back of the school in a porter cabin, it does have all the facilities needed for the children but could use an update. A definition of a preschool or a play school is to be an educational institution for children too young for elementary school. For parents, it is a common place where toddlers meet, play and spend time together under the supervision of qualified adults. It is also where the children gain experience to enable them to transition into reception class. The pre-school deputy managers role is to provide inclusive play and learning opportunities for all children attending and to maintain a safe, stimulating and enjoyable environment. She or he will assist the pre-school manager in curriculum planning within the pre-school. They will manage the provision in the absence of the pre-school manager. The Statutory Framework for Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) states that all early years providers must by law deliver, regardless of type, size or funding of the setting, follow the EYFS framework. The EYFS comprises a set of welfare requirements and a set of learning and development requirement that all childcare providers must comply with. (Ref) The second practical placement visited was an Ormiston Childrens Centre. Ormiston is the biggest childrens charity in the East of England. They work to improve the wellbeing of children, young people and their families, whatever their circumstances. The Ormiston Centre is an exciting community project with excellent facilities for supporting children, young people and families through a range of health promoting physical activities, sport and learning opportunities. The emphasis is on providing fun activities which promote physical and social well-being rather than ability or excellence. The service manager of Ormiston Centre Colchester states that, as service manager  I have  responsibility to develop play and learning and address issues related to childcare.   With this in mind I have close contact with all pre-school, parent and  toddler groups. I  help to develop good practice built on experience and identify support where appropriate. The author assessed her own placement settings and found that the management styles were allot different from each setting. The evidence of this was discovered by observing the the different styles of management at both settings and comparing them (see appendix 1 and 2). Looking at the different style the author focused on three areas: all round management, sudden decision making and involvement with the children. Also looking at the three main categories of leadership styles: autocratic, paternalistic and democratic and observing which category the different placement managers follow. Autocratic managers like to make all the important decisions and closely supervise and control workers. Managers do not trust workers and simply give orders (one-way communication) that they expect to be obeyed. (Ref). This approach derives from the views of Taylor (1856-1915) as to how to motivate workers and relates to McGregors (1906 1964) theory X view of workers. This approach has limitations (as highlighted by other motivational theorists such as Mayo (1880-1949) and Herzberg (1923-2000) but it can be effective in certain situations. Paternalistic managers give more attention to the social needs and views of their workers. Managers are interested in how happy workers feel and in many ways they act as a father figure. (Ref). They consult employees over issues and listen to their feedback or opinions. The manager will however make the actual decisions. The style is closely linked with Mayos Human Relation view of motivation and also the social needs of Maslow (1908 1970). A democratic style of management will put trust in employees and encourage them to make decisions. They will delegate to them the authority to do this and listen to their advice. This requires good two-way communication and often involves democratic discussion groups, which can offer useful suggestions and ideas. Managers must be willing to encourage leadership skills in subordinates. (Ref). This style has close links with Herzbergs motivators and Maslows higher order skills and also applies to McGregors theory Y view of workers. Looking at appendix 1 the observations of the deputy managers behaviour on page 17-19 confirms the authors opinion that within the preschool the management style seems to be extremely autocratic. This could be down to not enough training, lack of confidence or negligence of position. Comparing this attitude to Taylors theory of Scientific Management argued the idea that workers are motivated mainly by pay. This could be the case at the preschool as the management doesnt seem to get involved with the children which is the main reason that professionals are present. As stated earlier the deputy managers role is to provide inclusive play and learning opportunities for all children in a stimulating and enjoyable environment. This doesnt seem to be happening. When observing the management style of the Ormiston manager it seems that she understands her role and has a great deal of passion for the position. After carful observation it felt like the management style of the Ormiston manager was paternalistic with a little witnessing of a democratic style. This can be seen in appendix 2 on page 20. In fact, comparing these two different management styles it appeared to the author that the management style of the Ormiston Centre seemed more successful than that of the preschool. Hopefully the preschool will obtain a manager to fill the position soon. Reflective practice is not a new concept. Boud, Keogh and Walker (1985) stated twenty years ago that it features the individual and his or her experiences, leading to a new theoretical view or understanding. They included the element of learning, as well as involvement of the self, to define reflective practice: Reflection is a forum of response of the learner to experience (Boud et al. 1985, page18). Johns and Freshwater (1998) also described the value of reflective practice as a means of learning. Reflection is a process of reviewing an experience of practice in order to describe, analyse, evaluate and so inform learning about practice (Reid, 1993 p.305). Reflective practice is something more than thoughtful practice. It is that form of practice that seeks to problematise many situations of professional performance so that they can become potential learning situations and so the practitioners can continue to learn, grow and develop in and through practice (Jarvis, 1992 p.180). According to the educator Professor David Boud, effective learning will not occur unless you reflect. To do this, you must think of a particular moment in time, ponder over it, go back through it and only then will you gain new insights into different aspects of that situation. According to Kolb (1984) reflecting is an essential element of learning. This is shown through an experiential learning cycle. To conclude, the range of early years settings involved in the health care and education of young children has been explored by examining the history of education and the history of the health service using legislation and key theorists. The essay has also examined management within the settings and the various roles of professionals working with different settings and how government legislation has changed over time. It has been learnt that it is essential that all families and children are aware of the different types of education and health care services provided in the early stages of child development and that there are a lot of different settings available to all different needs and backgrounds. Also that a good management style in child care is fundamental in producing an all round successful setting no matter what the circumstances. For future practice the key points that the author has taken away is that there are a lot of different professionals out there that are able to offer the support and help that is needed for young children and parents to have successful and happy lives. Also that a successful manager is not all about paper work, delegation and targets. Its about getting stuck in to all areas of Early Years and proving to yourself and your staff that you are a team. Reference List (* denotes those referenced in-text) *Acheson, D. (1998). Acheson Report : Indepent Inquiry into Inequalities in Health. London: Her Majestys Stationery Office Arià ¨s, P. (1962). Centuries of Childhood: A Social History of Family Life. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. Atherson, J.S. (2009) Learning and Teaching; Reflection and Reflective Practice [online] http://www.learningandteaching.info/learning/reflecti.htm (Accessed 26 May 2010) *A Sure Start Childrens Centre (2003-2010) Colchester Childrens Centres [online] http://www.colchester.surestart.org/index.php?page_id=1 (Accessed .) *Barrow, M. (1999) Project Britain: The Victorians Schools during the Victorian Times. [online] http://www.woodlands-junior.kent.sch.uk/Homework/victorians/children/schools.htm (Accessed .) Boas, G. (1966). The Cult of Childhood. London: Warburg * Bray, J. Conway, J. Dykins, M. Hawkins, W. Slay, L and Webster, I.(2008) Memories of the Playgroup Movement in Wales 1961-1987 [online] pdf Wales Pre-school Playgroups Association http://www.playgroupmemorieswales.org.uk/Memories_of_the_playgroup.pdf (Accessed .) Bruner, J. (1997) Lord Ashley [online] http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/IRashley.htm (Accessed .) Cole, G.A (2004) Management Theory and Practice. Sixth Edition Thomson *Corbett, B. (1985) Centuries of Childhood [online] http://www.webster.edu/~corbetre/philosophy/children/aries.html (Accessed .) Reference List (continued) Cunningham, H. ( 1995). Children and Childhood in Western Society since 1500. London: Longman. Department of Education Statutory framework for the Early Years Foundation Stage [online] pdf http://nationalstrategies.standards.dcsf.gov.uk/node/151379 (Accessed .. Department of Health Durham University (2005) Child Health, CAMHS and Maternity Mapping Service types used in the mapping. [online] http://www.childhealthmapping.org.uk/help/servicetypes.php#srvctyp_34 (Accessed .) Department of Education Northern Ireland (1997) Curricular Guidance for Pre-school Education [online] pdf Northern Ireland Council for the Curriculum, Examinations and Assessment. http://www.deni.gov.uk/preschool_curricular-2.pdf (Accessed .) DfES, (2004). Every Child Matters: Change for Children. London: QCAA Dickens, C. (1854) Hard Times. Barnes and Nobble Classics. *Elliman, D and Hall, D.M.B (2003) Health for all Children. Revised Fourth Edition. Oxford University Press. Foley, P (2001) Children in Society, Contemporary Theory, Policy and Practice. Basingstoke: Palgrave Freeston, M.(2006) Pre School Learning Alliance: Children First [online]. http://childrenfirst2006.co.uk/the-early-years-foundation-stage.html (Accessed .) Foley, P and Rixon, A (2008) Changing Childrens Services: Working and Learning Together. The Open University.

Enrolment in Technological Institute of the Philippines Essay

Enrollment process is a must in every school. Through this, student will have a connection between them and the institution itself. In this process, students also part to wonder or to expect what if feels like to be in the institution they are going to enroll. This study discusses those expectations and perceptions of the students with regards in the enrollment process in Technological Institute of the Philippines Quezon City. The Technological Institute of the Philippines Quezon City students have always perceived the success of the enrollment based on the amount of time that they have spent on the enrollment process. But the students and parents already prepare for the worst every time and they already assume that the process will be slow. The complaints are always present and it makes the slowness of the process more gruesome. Through this study, the whole enrollment process should be made bearable. Every aspect and step of this will be analyzed in order to find the best solution that will lead to the improvement and betterment of the enrollment process. At Technological Institute of the Philippines Quezon City, there are thousand students taking several years level. The population of students in mentioned school are continued to grow which means also that an increase of records are handled by the Guidance Councilor. Clearly manual system of enrollment and student record keeping are too much time consuming task. Computer can be considered as another instrument for developing system like enrollment in every school. This can be a great help to those students, teachers and school who are handling many task from providing easier and faster access. The present system of Technological Institute of the Philippines Quezon City is done manually such as enrollment system. Form the time it was started to operate, they use the manual system. Even nowadays, that they have computers, still there also a conflict using that during enrollment. Technological Institute of the Philippines Quezon City is a private school which is located at Quezon City. And this school was started established in the year 1962. And it was found by Engineer Demetrio A. Quirino Jr., One of the famous people in Technological Institute of the Philippines Quezon City at that time. Like some school Technological Institute of the Philippines Quezon City is improving the enrollment system but still that is not convenient for others. Statement of the Problem The present enrollment system of Technological Institute of the Philippines is done manually. Manually system of enrollment caused a lot inaccuracy and efficiency in processing the record and data of the students. Too much time and effort are consumed and cannot give on time. The researcher sought to answer the following question: 1. What are the perceptions of students with regards school’s enrollment system? 2. What are the factors that contribute to the perceptions of ideas if the students that the school enrollment system affect them? 3. What are the factors that could be an advantage and/or disadvantage of the factors that are uses in the enrollment system? Significance of the Study The computers provide convenience to its user through the easier and faster way of transactions. Population of students in almost all-educational institution is rapidly increasing so great demand in teaching force is also becoming higher. Fortunately, today’s generation of high technology machine  and tools can substitute these workers. This propose â€Å"The Perception of Students in Enrollment system in Technological Institute of the Philippines Quezon City† will provide a high technology way of retrieving and managing student’s data so that the enrollment process become convenient especially to the students and parents. The study will be a great help to the following: Administrators. This study will help them to process records and keep the grades of students are a fastest and accurate way. It will help to keep and handle essential information of the student for the convenience of the students and the personnel assign to enrollment in the education institution. Students. The students can easily access and retrieval information regarding with the process of enrollment the effort, time, and help to minimize the effort and time they exert, Technological Institute of the Philippines Quezon City. It provides easy and fast approach in registration and enrollment. Parents. They do not complain and they’re not wasted to accompany their children during enrollment. Future Researchers. The proposed study will benefits and help the future researchers as their guide. This study can also open in development of this study. Hypothesis There is no significance in the improvement of the online registration as related to the improvement of the enrollment system. Scope and Delimitations The study will be limited only to the boundaries of â€Å"The perception of the Students in Enrollment System in Technological Institute of the Philippines Quezon City†. The researcher focused in getting relevant about the problems in enrollment system includes students and parents who complaining in the manual system that being used of the school. Searching about this has ability to be quickly processed and how it can be fixed in the next enrollment process. The study covers the problem of having a slow process that caused a dispute between students/parents and administrator, Chapter II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES The chapter estates the different literature and studies that were conducted for the research to gain familiarity that are relevant and similar to the present study. Review of Related Literature (Foreign) According to Rowley (2005), an enrollment system is casically included in one of the classification of information system, thus it serves a tool to support information management with regards to the student data, enrollment fees information and other with a connection to the enrollment process. Every school gain competitive advantage of having this system for they will have capacity on handling important information at ease and with security. Adopting this theory of Mchenry (2010), WAMP5 (WAMP Means Windows Apache Mysql PHP) is a platform of Web development under windows. It allows you to develop dynamic websites with Apache server, PHP5 script language, and the database of MySQL released 5. It also possesses PHPMyAdmin and SQLite manager to manage more easily your databases. Window 7 is an operating system produced by Microsoft for use on personal computers, including home and business desktops, laptops, netbooks, tablet PCs, and media center PCs. Window 7 succeeded by Windows 8. This is known as iterative implementations covers the breakdown of overall functionality of the system to a what he called feature set and those feature sets represents different process involve in enrollment system. It helps locate feature an enrollment system will have since that this kind of systems does many activities and processes. According to Dunn and Scott (2005), enrollment system has made huge impact into the school arena. It is a system that is built on innovative program strategies. It is a system that will help both the enrollment personnel-in-charge and the students to easily process the enrollment at a lesser time. Distinct from the traditional enrollment, LAN enrollment system process large assortment of the student records and provides efficient and consistent information services. As stated by Holmes (2006), nowadays, Web-based applications are widely used due to their ubiquity. Web-based enrollment system is currently emerging on markets for they are offering transaction convenience and service efficiency through the use of internet. This system becomes a powerful tool in dealing with information management regarding enrollment transactions. Stair (1999), emphasized that the development of technology through the years have enabled us to do more with less effort. From the orientation of the light bulb to the industrial revolution and beyond, we have continuously tried to in a more efficient means of doing tasks. Lewis (2002), stated that the reason for using computers vary from person to person. Some of the computers in business are to perform accuracy, to be as productivity, to decrease bottle necks or hassles to alter cash flows or to simples elevate your status. Sybex Inc (1999), stated that visual basic provide a graphical environment in which the users usually designed the forms and control that become the building block of tour application . Visual Basic support many useful tools that will help the user more productivity. Gold Chager et al (2003), said that computer as a device for processing information knew computer plays a significant role in their lives, but few are aware of just how pervasive role is. Mane (2000), mentioned that the creation of the computer made the easier to accomplish that by doing it manually, to have the direct access on straightforward answer just monitoring record where in the needs of computer make possible for everyone to get data in a particular need. We can consider that the computer is necessary and its productive tool for individual. Gurewich (1999), stated that the database system makes the work faster for every institution. For the mere fact that instead of doing things manually, with the use of compute r technology everything is done fasters. Related Literature (Local) According to Aquino (2005), importance of computer application is increasing day by day. Schools use information system in the way of implementing an enrollment system. This results for them to attract enrollees and earn income. Enrollees are attracted because of the said system makes the transaction faster and easier. â€Å"Lack of enrollment system in schools can lead to chaos and troubles† as  stated by Ace Adrian (2011), students will be confused on what they should do to be able to enroll that is why such system is extremely useful in that it gives an ease on working on enrollment processes. Enrollment is very useful in retrieving vital information of the students. Without it will lead difficulty both for administration of the school and students in enrollment processes. The transformation of manual enrollment transaction to automated and now into a web based information is one example of what has driven partly by the rapid technological innovation. Any way just to make work easier and faster like enrollment transactions is possible with the emergence of computer technologies. A web-based enrollment system has featured that meet most of academic institutions system’s needs and requirements. This includes standardized modules for student registration, enrollment, grade management, and other modules that are deemed necessary to operate a school (Bacala&Reanno,2009). Fronda (2011), said that the enrollment system is useful especially when the school retrieves the important information from the student. The school can trace what is the standing of the students. Lack of Enrollment system in a school can lead to chaos and troubles. Students will be confused on what they should do to be able to enroll. It is extremely useful in the school in the way of working processes of enrolling become much easy. Tinn (2001), stated that the computerization responded to the call the office or any workplace to help their daily operation. Malolos et.al (2002), stated that the study of automation is important in the sense time that minimizes the time and effort normally exerted in manual process.  Janes (2001), stated that computers are extremely reliable device and very powerful calculators with some great accessories applications like word processing problem for all of business activities, regardless of size, computers have three advantages over other type of office equipment that process information because computer are faster, more accurate more economical. Reyes (2005), task would be time consuming to accomplish manually and more practical with the aid of computers field in cabinet.   According to Flores (2002), the automation is described simply as the substitution of machine control of human.  Dioso (2001), stated that computer assist careful intelligent planning, organizing, actuating and controlling .This maybe observed from the past that they monitor production activities, solve scientific problem and help arrive in tentative answer to a multitude of involve conditions. Related Studies (Foreign) South California Community College Long Beach City College has gone live with a Cognos-based management system that was designed by Irvin, CA-based professional services firm e2e Analytics. Prior to installing the new system, LBCC, which has two main campuses and multiple satellites that support nine schools and 34 departments, handled its enrollment via manual spread sheets. With no reporting, continuity, or standard practices, and with lengthy error corrections, the school’s enrollment management budgeting and planning took up to three months to compile, consolidate and implement (Koft 2007). The study on problems regarding on school such as the Long Beach City College is an aid for the proponents to have the idea on formulating solutions on transferring manual enrollment transactions to an automated or computerized one. According to the coordinator of Admission support of Kerian Greenaway, the system known as the Edith Cowan University Web Enrollment System (ECUWES) had replaced the traditional hard copy system of enrollment. The system offers immediacy and convenience of course enrollment via the internet. The said university in Australia is currently enrolling more than 5,000 new students with easier transactions cause of their online enrollment system. In the local setting, academic institutions both the private and government schools are shifting from manual to computerized system including student registration. This is accomplished either on an intranet or internet-based environment. The desire to overcome these problems and difficulties has led the acceptance of advanced technology. It includes Local Area Network of computers, CD ROM and powerful processor. These technologies led to the development of information databases that provides simple and prompt retrieval of information through networking. In Local Area Network Enrollment System (LANES), the problems on admission and evaluation of academic records, subject reservation, assessment and payment of fees and issuance of class cards are besieged. Likewise, searching of records is effective due to its major key that is being used in retrieval of records. A Local Area Network Enrollment System (LANES) is a broad system. It is combination of different function areas such as databases, searching, retrieval, and update of student records, checking of student’s scheduled, computation of fees (Dzubeck 2003). Earlier, Encila (1999) Introduced the Enrollment System for the computer Science Department of LCBA and traders, designed of enrollment System is advantageous to the school because it speed up the process and with only a minimum amount of power and resources. Quiver (2001) developed a program using database III which capable of retrieving, access in manipulating of data in easy way. A computerized system to minimized the lost of record and burden of work was designed by Pajarillo in 2002. Aravia et.al. (2002) Show the growing importance of computers in the society. The significance of the study revolves the automation of student permanent record keeping.  Alcaira (1999) Stated that the using of computer are continue to grow, the need for a more timely information and data processing comes on demand keeping the record of any manual operations need the application, because handling it manually will only be conflicting. Related Studies (Local) Based on the researcher, a web-based enrolment system for Veritas Parochial School (VPS) in Manila was developed to help its students enroll in a more  efficient way without the hassles of waiting long hours in filling out forms, which sometimes become redundant, or to stand in line and pay at the cashier. It is with the Web-based enrollment system for VPS that this new style of enrolment may be achieved. This new type of system offers its students new options for enrolling at VPS. By logging on to the VPS website, one can register and enroll subjects for school year. With these, all the students are required to fill out certain forms that do not take more than a few minutes to accomplish. The system stores its records in the school database for future references. Confirmation of the transaction made by students need to be verified, the payment of the tuition fees must be made by the school’s register. The students may also browse the website of VPS and he can check his curr ent account. He can also refer to the list of the school current tuition fee rates (Pascual and Riceo,2008). According to the project study in 2005 by Mr.Lopez, an enrolment system help and provide efficient and reliable services to the students, enrolment personnel and administration. Moreover, this system improved the process of enrolment in terms of searching, retrieving and subject schedules. An online Enrolment System was proposed to replace the manual enrolment system of Cavite Maritime Institute in order to advance an organized flow of transaction and an ease of work concerned on how the manual enrolment performs throughout the institutions operations. The numerous transactions that the manual system covers, such as updating and adding students records, generating the advising and assessment slips, and the like considering the manual operating system to be inefficient for the need of the institution. Since the study involves proper record handling, tracing the constraints and evaluation of the manual system issential (Bacala and Reano,2009). The enrollment process is the initial stage in gathering bon fide and accurate student information neccesary to establish student permanent records. A registration and billing system is needed by the institution to address the stated situation. The study has been made to help gather fast and deliver accurate information (Calabozo&Fernandez,2006). In the study conducted by Cayabyab (2007), many problems and difficulties were identified in the wxiusting system in Dagupan City National High School (DCNHS). These major concerns are affecting the efficient enrolment system of students. Security of the students records were found to be at high risk. The current system may fail to protect some  important documents. It has also untimely and in efficient report generation. A computerized system for DCNHS shall result to a significant increase in the number of enrollees. Conde (2007) in his study entitled â€Å"Network-bases Enrollment System of Paete National High School cited that the manual process of enrollment and manual handling of information and reports of the students is very laborious one. The proponents developed a network based system enrollment system to the said school to solve the huge amount of task. Garcia (2002) created the â€Å"LSPC Enrollment System†, the study can be a great help to persons concerned during the enrollment period, the registrar, instructor of the students as they retrieval necessary information when needed and lessen the burden manually browsing over enrollment slip for record purposes Saayo et.al (2008) developed the system â€Å"Network based automated Enrollment and grading system for Morong National High School. Due to increasing population of the institution, and the school currently implementing the manual system, every student spends a lot of time during enrollment period, such as paying their tuition fees and processing the school requirements. Valina et.al (2009) entitled â€Å"Network-based student Permanent Record keeping and Enrollment System of Balian National High School†. This System was made to lessen the time and effort exerted by both student and school employees. It is also made to give accurate reports and keep records of every students every students and for easy and fast way of enrollment. Soria et.al. (2006) constructed a system entitled â€Å"Network-based Computerized inventory System for the supply office o the LSPC main campus. With the advancement of technology, devices and machines were improve , developed and inverted to cope up with the need of new world. There are different systems designed for reliable, efficient and very useful to the user. Conceptual Framework The study is all about the perception of students in the enrollment system in Technological Institute of the Philippines, QC. It includes information can get when enrolled, different equipment that will make enrollment more efficient among students, the improvements, process and importance of  enrollment. The study also covers the different experience of student when enrolling in Technological Institute of the Philippines whether they lose their patience or get satisfied on the enrollment system. Research Paradigm Figure 1. The Conceptual paradigm of Perception of the Students in Enrollment System of Technological Institute of the Philippines. Definition of Terms These terminologies were gathered by the researcher for better and clearer understanding about the study. Client. Does not share any of its resources that request a server’s content or service function. Computer. Machine capable of the following the instruction to alter data, programmable electronic device that can perform calculations and processing information. Database. Is a container to store your tables in. Enrollment. It is a process in which a student is being admitted to the institution. This includes the listing of information or data about the student and subject he/she will be enrolled. Information. Knowledge given or received of some fact or circumstances. Program. An algorithm that a computer can both follow directly and follow the translated version. Server. A computer on a local area that is running software for controlling access to all or part of the network and its resources and shares its resources with client. System. It is a group of interrelated components working together toward a common goal by accepting input and producing output in an organized transformation process. Software. It is a system utility or application program expressed in complete readable language. User. The person who uses a computer for word processing, communications, and other application. User–Friendly. A program easy to use even though an individual is not knowledgeable about the system. Chapter III METHODOLOGY This Chapter presents the research design, the respondents of the study, the research instruments, the data gathering procedure and the statistical treatment of data. Research Design This study used the survey approach of research, specifically the descriptive method. Descriptive method is the assertion of attributes or conditions specific to the population. It utilized the said approach in as the main purpose of this research was to determine the perception of the student towards enrollment system in Technological Institute of the Philippines Quezon City. Research Locale The Technological Institute of the Philippines (TIP) is a private, non-sectarian higher education institution. TIP Quezon City was awarded Autonomous Status, the highest possible award for a higher education institution, and TIP Manila was granted Deregulated Status by the Commission on Higher Education (CHED). In addition, TIP has also earned numerous national and international accreditations and quality certification. Figure 2. Location map of Technological Institute of the Philippines Sampling Technique The research study used the purposive sampling technique. There were 30 students in Technological Institute of the Philippines asked to rate the efficiency of the services rendered by the functions of the PTA office. Purposive sampling, also known as judgmental, selective or subjective sampling, is a type of non-probability sampling technique. Non-probability sampling focuses on sampling techniques where the units that are investigated are based on the judgement of the researcher: Non-probability sampling to learn more about non-probability sampling, and Sampling: The basics, for an introduction to terms such as units, cases and sampling]. There are a number of different types of purposive sampling, each with different goals. This article explains (a) what purposive sampling is, (b) the eight of the different types of purposive sampling, (c) how to create a purposive sample, and (d) the broad advantages and disadvantages of purposive sampling. Research Instruments The data gatherings used in this study were the following: 1. Questionnaires Checklist Form. This instrument was constructed by the researchers to  establish the socio-demographic profile of the student respondents. The instrument determined, among others, the gender, civil status and educational background of the respondents. The different factors affecting the efficiency of services rendered by the PTA are also being listed down to determine which function is more effective as perceived by the respondents especially the students. 2. Survey Questionnaires for Students. This instrument was used to determine the management style and how this affects to the people working in that school and a separate questionnaire of the students to determine the efficiency of the services rendered by Technological Institute of the Philippines. Data Gathering Procedures Survey questionnaires were prepared and forwarded to the student respondents. The respondents were asked to rate their perception about the enrollment system in Technological Institute of the Philippines Quezon city (TIP QC) to determine how effective and if the respondents were satisfied by the services given by the TIP QC during the enrollment process

Co-ordinate implementation of customer service strategie Essay

Brief Background McDonalds is a well admired, large organization of approximately 5,500 locally owned and operated businesses all around the world. Food quality is the key at McDonald’s as is has implemented rigorous food safety standards for almost 50 years, and the fast food restaurant has been recognized for its popular and well known meals, ranging from delicious burgers, well known French fries, healthy salads, rolls, fruits, deserts, and also breakfast foods such as bacon and eggs, cereals and pancakes. The restaurant also has Ronald McDonald House Charities and its global network of independent local Chapters, which help find, create, and support programs that directly improve the health and well-being of children. There are many employees in each McDonald’s restaurant which are well trained to help serve the more than 47 million customers, in 119 countries from more than 30,000 different restaurant locations. The specific department on which is being focused on this report revolves around working on the front counter; this includes customer service, preparation of the meals, dealing with cash, cleaning and stocking. Organisation’s internal and external customers Working on the front counter at McDonalds deals with the external customers, these are the people who pay for the product/food that the business has to offer. The employees, who work on the front counter, act as internal customers towards the employees at McDonalds who work in the back. People working on the front counter next-handle the jobs that have been completed from out the back where the food is made. When an external customer walks into a McDonald restaurant, straight away their main needs and expectations is to firstly walk into an attractive well maintained and clean environment, to have a fresh tasting meal delivered to them politely from a well organized employee, who should prepare the meal quickly but carefully, making sure no mistakes are made. Each and every employee has the resources they need to serve the customers so they can be prepared as each customer approaches. Restaurants are adequately staffed to allow for a good customer experience as well as to provide schedule flexibility, work-life balance and time for training. When serving the customers, employees should act in ways which make the customers feel as though they are happy with the service and would continue to do business with the organisation. Therefore the employees are trained to use appropriate communication techniques to make the customer feel comfortable, welcome and satisfied with the service. This means that every customer should receive respect, patience, friendliness, and good quality products. On behave of McDonalds (2004), claims that â€Å"At McDonald’s, we know that people are our most valuable resource. We aim to be the best employer in each community around the world where we do business.† Read more:  Customer Service Essay How the organisation recognizes its customer’s requirement McDonalds is well known as a fast food restaurant, therefore the meals are expected to be delivered to each customer in a fast, efficient way, but in the same time, the meals need to be prepared cautiously to make sure no mistakes are made and to also make sure that the meal is fresh and of great quality. Another issue concerned with the service is the ‘customer rush’ this is when many customers all approach at once. This usually occurs during lunch time, straight after school hours, and around dinner time. When there is a ‘customer rush’, the store should be adequately staffed to allow employees to be prepared and deal with the large group of people as quick as they can. The organisation becomes aware of the requirements from previous circumstances when customers complain that their food is not fresh, or if they have been waiting a long time for their meal to be prepared. All McDonald’s restaurants have possession of a particular McDonalds owned clock which works as a timer and helps in the process to distinguish how long the burgers have been sitting for. This process prevents the burgers from going past the stage where they are not fresh anymore. The fry station in which the fries are made also has a separate timer which goes of when the fries are no longer fresh. From time to time, accidents may happen and the timers may not be used efficiently. This is when the food gets cold, and customers begin to complain. When a customer complains of their food being cold or not fresh, they should be treated with extra consideration, get an apology and then have their meal replaced. The only way this problem can be resolved is for workers to make sure they keep an eye on the timers, and if there are no fresh burgers when a customer is served, they should be seated and have they’re meal taken to them within a few minutes. If a customer feels that they repeatedly receive food which is not fresh enough, and they do not mind waiting a few extra minutes, they can ask for a fresh burger. Then, they will be asked to be seated while their meal is being made. Another circumstance may be if a customer is allergic to something in a meal, or don’t want a particular ingredient in their food such as pickles in their burgers or salt on their fries. All they need to do is make the person who is serving them aware of this. This is called a grill, and their meal will be freshly made as of above. All the staff of McDonalds are trained to deal with the customers in a pleasant manner. Any suggestions from customers on how the service, environment, etc. can be improved would be taken positively and the matter would be discussed with the management because McDonalds wants all customers to be happy. Some McDonalds restaurants have suggestion boxes where customers can give their thoughts of any improvement which can be made for customer service delivery. The suggestions from customers are a great help to the management, as the customers are the ones who the store is trying to impress. Within time, business technology can assist with the service at McDonalds by creating higher technology cash register, which may help with interpreting the order and assistance with the cash. The quicker the meal is ordered the quicker the meal can be delivered. Business technology could also assist with serving the customers on drive through. â€Å"Our People Promise is more than words. McDonald’s and its independent owner/operators have made a commitment to our employees that we strive to achieve with our actions every day† McDonalds.com (2004). To deliver the People Promise, there are in place, five people principles which promote customer service strategies. They include Respect and recognition, Values and Leadership Behaviors, Competitive Pay and Benefits, Learning Developing and Personal Growth and Resourced to get the job done. The delivery of a quality service is essential to a successful business. â€Å"For McDonald’s to achieve our goal of being the world’s best quick service restaurant experience, we must have the best experience for all McDonald’s employees.† This quotes that the quality of the McDonalds business revolves around the employees actions. Another main issue is that there is always a clean surrounding of each restaurant, to make everyone feel comfortable to dine in. The main customer objective is when food is not fresh. To fulfill this objective, budget recourses which may help with the solution could include a buzzer or alarm to indicate that the food is off. Stronger heat may help so that the burgers, and fries stay hot, but this brings danger to the employees with the high risks of burns. The company can look further towards these issues to come to a resolution to the complaints. Conclusion The company of McDonalds is a largely known and popular business. The reoccurrence of so many customers indicates that it is successful. But there can never be enough of pleasing customers, because the more pleased customers become, the more business the store will get, this is from word of mouth. Therefore if a customer has a bad experience, the company’s earnings may slightly drop. McDonalds is cautious of the way they handle customers, the environment, and the quality of their food. They are also aware of customer complaints or suggestions of improving the service, food, etc. This helps a lot to improve the business which is becoming more and more popular everyday. Bibliography * http//:www.Mcdonalds.com.au * Burbury E, 2003, Deliver and Monitor a Service to Customers, Software publication Pty. Ltd., Sydney. * McDonalds Pty Ltd, 2001, Crew Member Handbook. * http//:www.Mcdonalds.com (world wide)   

Property Creates Human Greed By Rousseau s State Of Nature

Property creates human greed. â€Å"As soon as one man realized that it was useful for a single individual to have provisions for two, equality disappeared, property came into existence, labor became necessary† demonstrates that men will subjugate and deprive others in order to act in self-interest (74). Once the strong came to understand the pleasure of accumulating more than is necessary for survival, â€Å"they thought of nothing but the subjugation and enslavement of their neighbors, like those ravenous wolves that on having once tasted human flesh, reject all other food and desire to devour only men† (78). This inequality is illegitimate in divine abode of Rousseau’s state of nature, but property develops constructed legitimacy â€Å"since†¦show more content†¦Because force is always illegitimate, property maintained through force is always illegitimate as well. The illegitimacy of force is demonstrated by Rousseau’s stinging condemnation o f the sultan who rules through force. The sultan’s rule is illegitimate, but those who overthrow the sultan with force are equally illegitimate. Rousseau explains that â€Å"the uprising that ends in the strangulation or the dethronement of the sultan is as lawful an act as those by which he disposed of the lives and goods of his subjects the day before. Force alone maintained him, force alone brings him down† (90). Property can only be seized through force, which is always illegitimate, regardless of the current proprietor’s illegitimate claim to the land. In both Marx’s depiction of society and Rousseau’s, humans have developed through a succession of stages to act in self-interest, oppressing other humans for the sake of material gain. They agree that property is a human construction created by the strong to solidify social status and sustained through illegitimate legal and economic systems. For both philosophers, illegitimate property leads to labor becoming deeply dehumanizing. The craving to own illegitimate property comes from human greed, appetites, and socialization. On the surface, Marx and Engel’s theory is compatible with Rousseau’s. The philosophies, however, have many significant differences. RousseauShow MoreRelatedTo The Average Person, Inequality Has Been A Societal Norm1110 Words   |  5 Pagesof years, but too Jean-Jacques Rousseau, in a perfect society, also known as the state of nature, humans were practically equal to one another. What eventually caused humans to break from this pattern of equality and form the society we see today? In his novel Discourse on Equality, or better known, 2nd Discourse, Rousseau attempts to outline what humans were like before societal interference, and how we can try and return to our roots of equality and peace. 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